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Jaws Deep Blue Sea Film Review Essay Example For Students

Jaws Deep Blue Sea Film Review Essay Stephen Spielbergs film Jaws is a great summer blockbuster, with all the repulsiveness, rushes, tension and enhancements you would anticipate from such a film. Initially created in 1975, Jaws is an American spine chiller (in view of Peter Benchleys tale of a similar name). It doesn't contain all the common thriller feelings like brutality or frightfulness; yet who needs bloodlust when its the inconspicuous coaxing out of that cold inclination which will send shudders up the spine of even the most solidified watcher. Spielberg unquestionably sets the bar for filmmaking as even till this day Jaws is known as one of the uncommon movies which catches your eye, however will terrify you to your absolute limit, as. Then again, the movie Deep Blue Sea coordinated by Renny Harlin is actually what you dont need! The film was delivered 24 years after the fact than Jaws and utilized brutality, horror and PC impacts including CGI yet was fairly unconvincing Obscurity fills the screen, unusual outsider like clamors start, the pressure fixes marginally be that as it may, at that point were acquainted with two youthful darlings going for a sentimental 12 PM swim. Phew, its alright we can relaxor so we thought. Similarly as we cuddle up in our seats, the strain strings fix again and before you realize the little youngster is the casualty to a compelling Great White shark. This scene truly shows how feeble and helpless we are to a man-eating predator. Despite the fact that we dont see the shark till part of the way through the film, we positively feel its quality. The film group utilized a mechanical shark (unusually named Bruce) for the couple of scenes where the shark is available, yet it is truly Spielbergs clever utilization of the camera, to speak to the eyes of the shark, which truly gives us a feeling of its reality. The film is determined to Amity Island in the mid year and with the fourth of July, American Independence day, coming up, the town centers around the business side of things and prepares for their busiest season, when all the cash roll in from vacationers, However, when a young ladies contorted body is washed aground the following morning, Police Chief Martin Brody (Roy Scheider) demands shutting the sea shore, yet Amity Mayor Larry Vaughn (Murray Hamilton) will not theorize, expecting that open information on a shark assault would kill the nearby economy and no cash would roll in from the Forth of July. Be that as it may, when another shark assault happens, this time visible to everyone, the episode draws shark master Matt Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss) to the territory. In the interim, a shark tracker named Quint (Robert Shaw) offers to discover and murder the shark for $10,000, yet Mayor Vaughn accepts that cost is excessively high, yet when the specialists at long last choose to pursue the incredible white, the genuine risk is just barely starting With splendid heading and cutting edge embellishments (at any rate for the time that the film was made), Jaws is a genuine spine chiller keeping you as eager and anxious as can be created with anticipation. The best thing about the film is that the crowd don't see the shark until partially through the film; we just ever observe through the sharks eyes. In any event, when the incomparable White assaults with no attempt at being subtle, the crowd is just aware of an uncovered balance and the blood of the casualty as it spreads over the water. Clearly, Bruce the mechanical shark was fermata/rest; he wasnt working very as Spielberg had trusted however as opposed to deferring the film, Spielberg continued and discovered new innovative approaches to show the shark this was what truly set the standard as nobody else had ever accomplished something very like it previously. It was something new and leaving in the realm of cinematography. .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .postImageUrl , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:hover , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:visited , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:active { border:0!important; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:active , .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uee 9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uee9c97e46fa15ac405163ad83b3c499e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Causes Of The French Revolution EssayOverall, the film Jaws is extraordinary containing all that you would need and need in such a film. Is anyone surprised its a blockbuster hit? The significant level of tension is the thing that I like the most about Jaws; the way that you dont see the shark till partially through the film. In the wake of watching Jaws you may never need to swim at the sea shore againand as I would see it, any film that can do that must be acceptable!

How to Write an Argumentative Essay About Sports Topics

How to Write an Argumentative Essay About Sports TopicsThere are many different arguments and themes that you can use in your argumentative essay about sports topics. In fact, the subject matter is the perfect opportunity to highlight the many aspects of the sport that you love. But, there are several ways to make your argument very strong.The first thing you should do when writing an argumentative essay about sports topics is to take a few minutes to decide what you want to say. If you don't have a purpose in mind, it will be difficult to come up with an interesting theme that will fit your essay.Once you have decided on a topic, you should define it. Try to avoid saying the words 'I'we'. Instead, you should say 'We', 'They', or 'I' and then list some facts or examples. Be sure to mention all the teams involved and the athletes.Your argumentative essay can come in several forms. In fact, you don't need to include anything but a brief reference to the sport. You should explain what m akes the sport different from the others, what makes it fun, and what makes it such a special event.Next, write an article about the sport. Give a brief overview of the sport, what makes it exciting, what makes it different from the other sports, and the history of the sport. Make sure you explain why this sport is unique and how it is different from the others.Finally, add some highlights to your essay. This is where you can mention stories, pictures, and statistics about the sport. This is the place where you can give the reader a taste of what makes the sport so special.Once you have finished your essay, make sure you have proofread it carefully. Don't just read it once but read it again to make sure you didn't miss any important points.Writing an argumentative essay about sports topics can be a very challenging task. However, the more you practice, the easier it will become. With time, you will start getting good at it.

The Issues Associated With Abortion - 2088 Words

Abortion The Problems associated with abortion can easily be categorized into five facets, The laws concerning abortion, contraceptives, human rights, philosophy and the start of life. Based on both statistics and claims associated with morality, a large amount of views regarding legal restriction on abortion has become crucial to most Americans. Advocacy groups define their stance on abortion by taking into consideration its constitutionality and the moral views that are shared among them, politicians however define the issue by party lines, generally liberals are â€Å"pro-choice† and conservatives are â€Å"pro-life.† The media defines the issue by taking into consideration the moral aspects, The media mostly presents to the nation the stances of various pro-life and pro-choice organizations with almost no statistical evidence from either side. The many different positions that can be taken on this issue can be divided by positions that are supported by statistic an d moral assumptions. However, the all these different viewpoint are largely focused on new laws tailored to the regulation of abortion. Abortions have been around for thousands of years. In the 1800’s abortions in the United States became illegal because of the unsafe position women were forced to endure due to poor medical knowledge. As medicine advanced and conditions became safer for women the act of abortion remained illegal leading women to rely on back ally abortions which were extremely unsafe. The AmericanShow MoreRelatedAbortion : A Negative Impact On Future Pregnancies984 Words   |  4 PagesAn abortion, also known as â€Å"termination of pregnancy† is when the female decides to take an action to end her pregnancy, which prevents the birth of a child. There are various health concerns that many women have and scientific studies that have been done to support each concern. Some health concerns that women have regarding abortion are future pregnancies, infections, recovery mode, and mental health. One of the main health concerns associated with abortion is the fear whether abortion will haveRead MoreAbortion And Its Effects On Health1558 Words   |  7 Pages Elective abortion is common in the United States; according to one estimate approximately 21% of pregnancies, excluding miscarriages, are aborted (Jones Jerman, 2014, p. 5). Opponents of abortion correlate it with various negative mental health outcomes for the women who choose to terminate a pregnancy. The risks claimed to be associated include depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and suicide. Some analyses have shown a meaningful increase in risk, and even assert that this risk can be directlyRead MoreAbortion Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is one of the most controversial issues in the world. Even in countries like the US where it is legal, the issue remains debatable at political, religious and philosophical grounds. Pro-abortionists claim that abortion is a matter of women’s right while anti-abor tionists claim it is a matter of ending a life. Whereas pro-abortionists such as feminist would term a pregnancy as unwanted, religious anti-abortionists would term it as a blessing that must be maintained. Pro-abortion individualsRead MoreAbortion : The Medical Or Surgical Termination Of A Pregnancy1529 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion refers to the medical or surgical termination of a pregnancy. It is argued that a woman has a right over her pregnancy and hence the woman could decide on whether to abort on not. As a result, the woman should not be compelled to give birth when the woman is not able to or does not intend to carry the pregnancy to its full term. For instance, in the United States, women have the right to decide on their destiny regarding pregnancy. It is projected that approximately 14 million chemicalRead MoreDebate And Policy About When Life Begins Has Circulated1100 Words   |  5 Pagessolution to an escalating problem. This literature review considers whether ab ortion should be outlawed by responding to the following questions: 1. When does life begin? 2. Is there mental health issues associated with abortion? 3. Is the choice to have an abortion a women’s right? Understanding advocacy groups from both sides and looking at evidence from each side is key to determining the legality and morality of abortion. When Does Life Begin? Society has never been able to agree on when life beginsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argumen t, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Of Abortion858 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological effects attributed of abortion. This is said because if a woman is a member a strong religious group with equally strong views opposing abortion she may begin to feel as though she has to end the abortion due to feelings of shame and guilt associated with the abortion or because she doesn’t want to bring shame upon her family. These two very strong feelings may only intensify once having an abortion ,but it’s necessary to note that before the actual abortion she was experience a collectionRead MoreThe Word Of Belief Is Someone s Feeling That Something?1438 Words   |  6 PagesOn the other hand, belief and agreement deeply contribute to a huge, difficult, and complicated arguing issue when two groups of people disagree with each other. One of the significant issues that have been disputed and argued since in the past is an abortion. A lot of people are deep in thoughts and pose a question about this problem that a woman should whether have a right to choose the abortion or not. And this question certainly indicates some different results in three groups. The first group

Academic Dishonesty At Todays Education System - 989 Words

Academic Dishonesty in Todays Education System One of the greatest concerns in schools is academic dishonesty. Over time cheating has increased drastically for many reasons. As a result of this, institutions have had to enforce strict rules and create honor codes to protect the integrity of their students. Although academic dishonesty has several negative effects, students continue to cheat for reasons such as: unclear guidelines, pressure, being overworked, and lack of effort. Academic dishonesty takes numerous forms. It can vary from plagiarism to professional misconduct. Due to this, the definition of what academic dishonesty is has become blurred for not only students, but teachers as well. More often than not, students are not aware that what they are doing qualifies as cheating. Colleges and universities do a poor job of educating their students and instructors on what qualifies as cheating. Although most schools have honor codes in place to protect their students’ integrity, the guidelines can lack clear boundaries and consistency. These guidelines can also lack how instructors are to enforce these rules, leaving them without a clear process to follow. This can lead to many accidental violations of the honor codes. It is important institutions regularly reinforce the principles of academic dishonesty, so that students are aware and can avoid such situations. This cause is less apparent than others, but transpires frequently in schools everywhe re. Grades rather thanShow MoreRelatedMy Academic Goals : My Goals1117 Words   |  5 PagesToday, every-other person has some kind of goal to achieve in their life. From every- other people who have the noble advantage of education in their life have some academic goals. Academic goals doesn’t just mean to be an engineer, doctor, banker, stock broker, but also means to be musician, choreographer, dancer, etc to name just a few. My academic goals are quite different and rare. Since I was born, I was almost fascinated by physics and maths and got to experience them in the middle school inRead MoreEssay on Academic Dishonesty: A Corruptive Social Norm1412 Words   |  6 PagesWho Cheats Cheaters come in all shapes and sizes. In fact, 75% of all students openly admit to some form of academic dishonesty throughout their educational career (Cheating Fact Sheet). With so many people who openly admit to academic dishonesty, certain categories of students tend to exhibit more cheating behaviors than others. One classification consists of students in a group. Studies have found that cheating is more prevalent in group oriented settings, such as fraternities and sororitiesRead MorePlagiarism And The Reasons College Students1618 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents turn so quickly to such an unstable â€Å"solution†. It will also present alternative ideas to learning and measures to limit the need that students feel for plagiarism and promote personal creativity. Not only do we see this moral plague in academics, but in many other fields, such as entertainment, art, and the written world. Thus it can be explained as receiving an ownership on someone’s work without t heir permission and without giving any credit to them intentionally or unintentionally. Read MoreWilliam Damon The Death Of Honesty Summary999 Words   |  4 Pagesessay â€Å"The Death of Honesty† by William Damon leads a person to think about the honesty and lies we express on a regular basis. He provides a well thought out opinion as he explores how honesty is becoming unexpected and infrequently used in society today. Because it is written in a style that is easy to understand, and without many difficult or complicated words, it is obvious the author intends for his point to be easily understood by his readers. Damon uses a convincing argument, to approach theRead MoreAcademic Integrity And Student Plagiarism1622 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerns the issues of academic integrity as plagiarism and buying essays. This work addresses, much attention will be paid to the background of breaches of academic integrity. Students’ behavior will be described and thoroughly a nalyzed. This essay will provide an understanding that current educational system itself creates prerequisites for such violations. Nowadays, American students try to subvert the educational system by using plagiarism in essays. The educational system tries to withstand theseRead MoreThe New Style Of Lecturing Now1243 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic cheating, achieved threw supposition of certain grades, job opportunities and extreme goals have lead to a high percentage of 75% test takers, including graduate students and high schools students that have agreed amongst this crime which surprisingly has being evolving as technology and higher requirements in society grows. The result of heavy workloads, Intense GPAs and risky temptations has resulted in an increase, 20% during the 1940s vs. 80% during the 2000s, which has shocked bothRead MoreAcademic Honesty - Essay 31242 Words   |  5 PagesIn reading and researching the topic of academic honesty and integrity I have found that there are varying views on what is considered cheating, and that cheating occurs in all academic levels and fields of study. Interesting ly business students do not believe that cheating is as serious as students in other fields. I also found that there are many parties that are responsible for teaching students why academic honesty and integrity are so important. The key to teaching this important value is toRead MoreThe World Of Knowledge Is Not Exempt From Business Ethics1667 Words   |  7 Pagespertinent topics in todays world. In the present one finds oneself in a constantly evolving lifestyle where the boundaries between what is right and what is wrong is constantly changing and the line between truth and false is blurring. Even in this scenario one does understand the implications even a small wrong decision can make. The challenge is to define what is the correct path for the present time. A lot of the rules considered proper in the past are considered absolutely insane today and a lot ofRead MoreEssay on Turnitin: Hypocrisy of Its Own1277 Words   |  6 PagesOver the centuries, teachers and professors al l have had a problem with academic dishonesty. The advancement in technology has made plagiarizing so much easier, and because of this, many professors have resorted to using software programs which detects any sort of plagiarism. One popular program many professors are enforcing their students to use is Turnitin.com. When a paper is submitted into Turnitin, the program compares it to previous submitted essays saved in its database and the content availableRead MoreAcademic Dishonesty Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesdecade, professors across the country have noticed an alarming new trend—academic dishonesty is on the rise. More than half of college students surveyed admit to at least one instance of serious cheating in the past year (McCabe and Pavela). Information is incredibly easy to access on the Internet, and devices such as iPhones put that power, literally, into the palms of students’ hands. Many students entering universities today face extraordinary amounts of pressure for results academically, leading

Holo After free essay sample

World War differed from its predecessors, mainly by the magnitude, intensity, and mechanized nature of the killing. The landscape of World War I is the domain of the innocent, inhabited by souls who never expected to end up in them, ND conforming to no rational plan or logic decipherable by their victims (Bartok 33).As Bartok says in his essay on Industrial Killing: The predicament of the individual soldier on the modern battlefield, argue, was confronted both on the technical, practical level, by inventing and producing new technologies which freed the armies from the fate of being pinned down by the combination of trenches, barbed-wire, machine guns and artillery, and on the representational level, by forging a new ideology and producing a new imagery of heroism and liberation. In the course of the First World War, and throughout the interwar period, the inevitability of a perpetual cycle of industrial killing on an ever greater scale in the future was accepted by all but a small minority of Europeans. We will write a custom essay sample on Holo After or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Similarly, the Nazis based their intentions and policies throughout an articulated, shared understanding of Jews, namely their eliminations, racial anti-Semitism (Collagen 132). By 1939, the Germans had succeeded in rendering the Jews socially dead with German society.The Germans had ensued policies towards the Jews that repeated, encouraged, tolerated violence against Jews, and promulgated social separation of Jews from Germans. The Germans witnessed the promulgation of almost two thousand laws and administrative regulations that degraded the countrys Jews, in a manner and degree that no minority in Europe had suffered. Industry and finance played an important role in the expropriations in the forced labor system and even in the gassing of the victims.By the year 1942, the Nazi Regime conceived a more methodical way of committing a mass murder, and established crematorium death amps. The killing centers worked quickly and efficiently. A system of railway lines transported Jews to the killing factories, where they were carefully murdered in a step-by-step technique. The Germans would mask their fatal intentions by telling the victims they were resettling to the east. A man would step off a train in the morning and in the evening his corpse was burned and his clothes were packed away for shipment to Germany (Hilbert 863).The destruction of the Jews constituted the work of a far-flung administrative machine. No special agency was created and no special budget was devised to destroy the Jews of Europe. It was managed by the bureaucracy, military, and political organizations. Each organization played a specific role in the process and each found the means to carry out its task. As mentioned before, the Holocaust has become the standard by which ethical responses are judged. What is our responsibility to a neighbor in need- -or to a stranger? Will we once again remain bystanders in the face of evil?

Thomas Hobbes vs. Immanuel Kant free essay sample

â€Å"Everyone is governed by his own reason, and there is nothing he can make use of that may not be a help unto him in preserving his life against his enemies (Hobbes, 120). † Thomas Hobbes, who is a considered a rational egoist, makes this point in his book Leviathan. Hobbes believes that the means of person’s actions can only be amounted to how it ultimately affects that person. Our moral duties that we perform in the end, all stem from self-interest, rather than being justified as morally right or wrong. Hobbes states that our desires pit us against one another, and the only way to protect our self-interests is to create a common power that protects the people who consent to it. Hobbes begins by describing society as being in a â€Å"state of nature†, or a constant power struggle. All resources are limited, so when people want the same means to an end they are in competition with one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hobbes vs. Immanuel Kant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People are all equally equipped, with a skill set so to speak, that aids them in their endeavor to defeat others with the same purpose. This continuing competition between people is only offset by our passion to sustain peace, maintain life, and acquire commodities necessary for survival, which ultimately supports Hobbes’ theory that people only act out of self-interest. This condition of peaces or liberty from endless turmoil is only met when there is a common power that people agree to follow. Without common power, everyone acting out of self-interest creates a world he describes as, â€Å"no place for industry†¦no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short (Hobbes, 118). † To support this idea, Hobbes employs the use of contracts, and natural laws. In his first Natural Law he states to â€Å"seek peace and follow it (Hobbes, 120)†, meaning life is all about self-preservation, and we must do what is necessary to retain it. This leads to his second law that states, a person must defend themselves by any means and by doing so we act out of self-interest. Thus, to remove society from this state of nature people must consent to covenants governed by Leviathan, which facilitates the performance of the contracts. For this to work properly each person must give up some rights to an authority. So if one person breaks a contract; lets say people agreed not to steal from one nother, the Leviathan has the power to discipline the person by endangering their way of life, or even by death. And therefore not keeping a covenant is harmful to our self-interest because â€Å" we are forbidden to do anything destructive to our life, and consequently this is a law of nature (Hobbes, 124). † Hobbes believes that man act based on self-interest motivated by two ideas. Fear, which, â€Å"makes natural man want to escape state of nature and reason, shows him how to escape (Hobbes, 122). Using these two ideas if a person does not act out of self-interest to preserve themselves through a contract, or follow a covenant we form with others ultimately everyone that is governed by that third party will not want you to be apart of the society they have formed. This will result in a person being placed back into a state of nature. 25 PART 2: Immanuel Kant When Thomas Hobbes states that â€Å"our moral duties must provide each of us with excellent reasons to obey them, and that these reasons must ultimately stem from self-interest (Hobbes, 115). He fails to account that our actions posses moral worth solely when they are motivated by the good will. Immanuel Kant argues that our moral acts are only done apart from our gains in the end. Its to say if everyone acted out of self-interest, committing murder because of the fear of being toppled from the top would be morally right. â€Å"A human being however is not a thing and hence not something that can be used merely as a means, but in all his actions always be regarded as an end in itself (Kant, 113). † It is our inclination, not duty, to commit acts based on self-interest or self-preservation. Therefore using anything at your disposal as a means would have no moral worth. â€Å"It is not enough that the action does not conflict with humanity in our person as an ends in itself; it must also harmonize with it†(Kant, 113). People must act not according inclinations or rules, but it involves performing acts that have no gains for us, and that is the only way to preserve humanity. Although Kant agrees with Hobbes that a state of nature does exist without proper authority, he counters, saying it does not exist because everyone is acting out of duty. Stating self-interest is the motivation for our actions and ultimate end conflicts with the principle of forming a covenant to protect our self-interests. We would still be in a state of nature, due the â€Å"fool† who does not obey his covenant. Thusly, making a covenant out of self-interest can lead to people in society breaking this contract or making empty promises, as a result of later gains they may receive by not abiding. Instead, when acting out of duty â€Å"I must reflect carefully whether this lie (broken covenant) may later give rise to much greater inconvenience (Kant, 107),† which ultimately can harm our inclination to self-preserve. Before one can act they must ask the question would they want others to act in that manner? This sets a maxim for each individual to follow, so a covenant is formed that society will not break because it our duty, and acting out of from this principle conforms to good will. The only way for society to not be in a state of nature is for everyone to be socially conscious. No one wants to be in conflict with each other and in a constant power struggle, people acting out of duty, even if calls for actions that have no means or gains to oneself is the only maintain contract. Acting out of self-interest creates turmoil, and only through good will can people conform to their duties and feel a sense of moral worth through their actions. 20 PART 3: Thomas Hobbes Hobbes over comes Kant’s criticism that people should act out of good will by arguing that people never act purely with altruistic motives. If society as a whole acted based on what actions have moral worth, and had no means to an end, society could never prosper. People are instinctively always looking to better themselves and Kant can agree, â€Å"Persevering one’s life is a duty (Kant, 105)†. As our duty, whether it is morally right or wrong we must do what is necessary. This agrees with Kant’s idea that if everyone’s maxim agrees to self-preserve, it is ultimately a universal law to act out of ones self-interest to do so, in the end contradicting his idea that we must exclusively act out of moral goodness. Kant also states that good will must be good in itself, but does not define what is truly morally good or bad. If a person is a volunteer firefighter, Kant can say that this person is acting out of self-interest (feel good about helping others), so his actions have no moral worth. By stating this he claims that people in society acting with conformity to their duties rather than from duty alone have no moral value, therefore their actions cannot be just or unjust. This idea in itself is flawed, because people’s actions whether they are of self-interest or good will can be seen as morally right or wrong, because they serve to better the covenant, which they consented to. Hobbes dismisses Kant’s idea that a covenant formed from self-interest will ultimately be broken by people who seek gains by not following it, or who do not consent to the societal agreements by simply stating, those â€Å"fools† will have no part in that society. Acting out of self-interest better preserves a covenant because when we do not follow this principle we are no longer socially accountable. Therefore, through the fear of hurting our fundamental duty to self-preserve by any means possible and reason we consent to maintain our covenant. 23 PART 4: Immanuel Kant While Hobbes addresses that acting out of good will leads to a society that cannot prosper, he is wrong because if society as a whole is working together and acting out duties based on good will, there will be no continual struggle for power (motivated by self-interest) allowing the covenant of man to prosper as a whole. This will eliminate the individualism and personal self-motives of man that can hold back society from making gains aimed at the whole. Hobbs misunderstood the nature of the maxim, when he states that it is solely motivated by self-interest. In regards to the idea that all men should act out of goodwill, this leaves only one viable option for a true maxim. That maxim is the only choice that disregards means to an end. With this in mind no choice for or against our moral self-interest but for the duty of acting on good will. In Hobbs statement he leaves much to be desired in the definition what serves as goodwill. When a covenant is formed from self-interest, members seeking internal justification will slowly pollute and over destroy the covenant as a whole. The only way to maintain authority among men is to work without regard to personal goals and aspiration and only out of goodwill, which conforms to duty.